AP Chemistry Formula Sheet

This unofficial formula sheet collects many of the equations you’ll use frequently in AP Chemistry.

Stoichiometry

• Moles = mass (g) ÷ molar mass (g/mol)
• % composition = (mass of element ÷ mass of compound) × 100

Gas Laws

• PV = nRT
• P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
• Ptotal = P₁ + P₂ + ...

Thermochemistry

• q = mCΔT
• ΔH°rxn = ΣΔH°f(products) − ΣΔH°f(reactants)
• q = nΔH (phase changes)

Kinetics

• Rate = −Δ[A]/Δt = Δ[B]/Δt
• Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n

Equilibrium

• K = [products]^coeff / [reactants]^coeff
• Q vs K: compare to predict direction of shift

Acids & Bases

• pH = −log[H⁺]
• pOH = −log[OH⁻]
• pH + pOH = 14
• Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0×10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C

Thermodynamics & Electrochemistry

• ΔG = ΔH − TΔS
• ΔG° = −nFE°cell
• E°cell = E°red(cathode) − E°red(anode)